The Central Bank of Malaysia Malay: Bank Negara Malaysia , abbreviated BNM , is the Malaysian central bank. Established on 26 January as Bank Negara Tanah Melayu , its main purpose is to issue currency, act as banker and adviser to the Government of Malaysia and regulate the country's financial institutions, credit system and monetary policy. Its headquarters is located in Kuala Lumpur , the federal capital of Malaysia.

The bank is active in developing financial inclusion policy and is an important member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. The bank is endowed with certain powers through establishment of legal Acts by the Parliament of Malaysia to help fulfill its objectives. New legislation are created and current legislation is amended to reflect the needs of the time and future.

Provides the establishment, administration and powers of the bank. Gives the bank the power to license and regulate money changing business in Malaysia.

This act is actually renamed from a previous act. The act provides powers to the bank to prevent money laundering and terrorism financing , and every funds transferred from offshore banks in Malaysia to any other bank within or outside Malaysia that are above 1 million US Dollars incurs a 0. After careful investigation,the ministry of finance Malaysia should issue and endorse a certification to show that the Central Bank has fully cleared the funds while Member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEAN should also endorse their certification.

This will be at a cost of 0.

deposits

A mandate of 0. Promotes the development of effective and efficient development financial institutions. The Bank Negara headquarters are located at Jalan Sultan Salahuddin; off Jalan Kuching. Bank Negara is geographically located at latitude 3.

Landmarks located near the Bank Negara building include Dataran Merdeka , St Mary's Cathedral , Kuala Lumpur City Hall building, Lake Gardens, Kuala Lumpur and the Tugu Negara.

Bank Negara had previously maintained branches in each of the state capitals. Most of them were closed in the s when retail banks began taking over most of the counter services. There are still branches maintained in Penang , Johor Bahru , Kota Kinabalu , Kuching , Kuala Terengganu and Shah Alam. Some branches were converted into currency distribution and processing centres.

A new building for the Financial Services and Resources Center FSRC was constructed in to house the FSRC, SEACEN, IFSB and the FMAG the museum arm of Bank Negara.

Located along Jalan Dato Onn, in front of the Tun Hussein Onn Memorial, the building was designed by renowned Malaysian architect firm, Hijjas Kasturi Associates. Officially declared opened in August , the building is now known as Sasana Kijang. Asian Institute of Finance was established in by Bank Negara Malaysia and Securities Commission Malaysia and focuses on developing human capital across the financial services industry in Malaysia.

In the Indian rupee was made the sole official currency in the Straits Settlements , but in silver dollars were again legal tender. In the Straits dollar , pegged at two shillings and fourpence 2s. On 12 June , the Malaysian dollar, issued by the new central bank, Bank Negara Malaysia, replaced the Malaya and British Borneo dollar at par. In , following the "Plaza meeting" of G-5 finance ministers in New York City, the US dollar fell sharply causing major losses in Bank Negara's dollar reserves.

The bank responded by starting a program of aggressive speculative trading to make up these losses Millman, p.

Statistic | Bank Negara Malaysia | Central Bank of Malaysia

Jaffar Hussein, the Bank Negara Governor at the time, referred to this strategy as "honest-to-God trading" in a December speech in New Delhi. In the late s, Bank Negara, under Governor Jaffar Hussein, was a major player in the forex market.

Its activities caught the attention of many; initially, Asian markets came to realise the influence Bank Negara had on the direction of forex market. Alan Greenspan , the Federal Reserve's chairman, later realised Bank Negara's massive speculation activities and requested the Malaysian central bank to stop it.

In response, bankers began front running Bank Negara's orders. Two years later on Black Wednesday , Bank Negara attempted to defend the value of the British pound against attempts by George Soros and others to devalue the pound sterling.

By , the bank became technically insolvent and was bailed out by the Malaysian Finance Ministry Millman, p. BNM started currency trading as part the wealth diversification strategy in , did very well in the beginning but suffered huge losses in and by was technically insolvent.

Against this background, the aim of this exploratory note is twofold. First, it analyses the logic behind the decision. Second, it evaluates the probable causes of the failure. Simple game theory demonstrated that decision to gamble with taxpayers' money was a dominant strategy defection. To evaluate the probable causes of failure, we employed gamblers' ruin simulator.

The findings are as follows: Two explanations why BNM fallen into the trap;. In , Bank Negara pegged 3. In July , the central bank abandoned fixed exchange rate regime in favour of managed floating exchange rate system an hour after China floated its own currency.

During this period there was widespread belief that the ringgit was undervalued and that if the peg was removed, the ringgit would appreciate. Bank Negara continues to run a negative interest rate differential to USD. The ringgit has appreciated gradually since the peg was abandoned and as at 28 May , it traded at around 3. Media related to Central Bank of Malaysia at Wikimedia Commons.

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